Examination — Human Anatomy: The Structure of the Body

1.Starting from the anatomical position, how is the wrist described relative to the elbow?

2.Which plane divides the body into a front (anterior) portion and a back (posterior) portion?

3.The lungs and heart sit in the thoracic cavity. Which statement about their serous membranes is correct?

4.Arrange the levels of structural organization from the smallest to the largest.

1. ⋮⋮Organ (such as the stomach) ↑ ↓
2. ⋮⋮Chemical level (atoms and molecules) ↑ ↓
3. ⋮⋮Organism (the whole body) ↑ ↓
4. ⋮⋮Cell ↑ ↓
5. ⋮⋮Organ system (such as the digestive system) ↑ ↓
6. ⋮⋮Tissue ↑ ↓

5.Match each of the four primary tissue types to the job it does.

6.This is the ventral (front) body cavity seen from the front. Click the diaphragm — the muscular sheet that separates the thoracic cavity above from the abdominopelvic cavity below.

Tap the plate to place your pin.

7.In an adult long bone, where is blood-forming red marrow chiefly found?

8.Which of these bones belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

9.Bending the elbow so the forearm swings toward the upper arm, closing the angle at the joint, is called:

10.A biceps curl bends the elbow, lifting the forearm while the shoulder stays put. In one sentence, define a muscle's origin and its insertion, and say which of the two is the forearm attachment here.

11.Trace a drop of blood returning from the body. Arrange these stops in the order it passes through them.

1. ⋮⋮Left ventricle ↑ ↓
2. ⋮⋮Right atrium ↑ ↓
3. ⋮⋮Aorta, carrying blood out to the body ↑ ↓
4. ⋮⋮Right ventricle ↑ ↓
5. ⋮⋮Left atrium ↑ ↓
6. ⋮⋮Pulmonary arteries, carrying blood to the lungs ↑ ↓

12.How many chambers does the human heart have?

13.Which statement correctly describes the pulmonary circuit?

14.On its way to the site of gas exchange, air passes through these structures in which order?

15.Which organ is an accessory digestive organ — food never actually passes through it?

16.The nervous system divides into a central and a peripheral part. The central nervous system consists of:

17.Arrange the steps of a simple reflex arc in the order the signal travels.

1. ⋮⋮A motor neuron carries the command outward ↑ ↓
2. ⋮⋮A receptor detects the stimulus ↑ ↓
3. ⋮⋮An effector — a muscle or gland — responds ↑ ↓
4. ⋮⋮A sensory neuron carries the signal inward ↑ ↓
5. ⋮⋮An integration center in the spinal cord processes the signal ↑ ↓

18.The lining of the small intestine is long, deeply folded, and carpeted with tiny projections called villi. This form chiefly serves to:

19.The wall of an alveolus and the capillary pressed against it are each only one cell thick. In one sentence, explain how that thinness serves the lung's job of gas exchange.

20.Without looking back, give the directional term for each: toward the head versus toward the feet, and nearer the trunk versus farther from it along a limb.